Proximity refers to a type of access control technology uses proximity (or “prox”) cards and readers to allow or restrict entry to secure areas. The cards contain embedded radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, which communicates with a reader when brought within a certain range (typically a few inches to a couple of feet).
Low frequency, entry-level proximity cards for physical access control
- Proximity Cards (Prox Cards): These are contactless smart cards that have an embedded antenna and RFID chip. The card stores a unique identifier. Proximity Readers: These devices emit an electromagnetic field. When a prox card comes close to the reader (within its range), the card’s antenna picks up this signal, powering the chip inside the card to send the stored identifier back to the reader.
- Access Control System: The reader transmits the card’s identifier to an access control system, which then checks whether the cardholder has permission to access that area.
Key characteristics:
- Contactless: Users don’t need to swipe or insert the card; just bringing it near the reader is enough.
- Range: Typical reading distance is between 2.5 cm to 10 cm, though some high-power readers can extend this range.
- Security: Proximity technology is widely used in workplaces, commercial buildings, and secure facilities, offering a reliable way to manage access.
Proximity cards are often used for building access, time and attendance tracking, and other security-related applications.