The primary distinction between RFID and proximity cards is found in the scope of their technology and their applications. Below is a detailed explanation for clarity:
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
- What it is: A broad technology that uses radio waves to identify and track tags attached to objects.
- Frequency ranges:
- Low Frequency (LF): ~125 kHz
- High Frequency (HF): ~13.56 MHz
- Ultra-High Frequency (UHF): 860–960 MHz
- Types of RFID tags:
- Passive (no battery)
- Active (has a battery, longer range)
- Applications: Inventory tracking, toll systems, access control, pet microchips, library systems, etc.
Proximity Cards
- A type of RFID card and specifically, a 125 kHz low-frequency passive RFID card.
- Commonly used for: Access control (like door entry systems in offices).
- Range: Typically short (1–3 inches / 2.5–7.5 cm).
- Examples: HID Prox cards, EM4100, etc.
Main Distinctions
| Feature | RFID (General) | Proximity Cards |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Broad category | Specific type of RFID |
| Frequency | LF, HF, UHF | Usually LF (125 kHz) |
| Range | Varies (cm to meters) | Short (few cm) |
| Functionality | Tracking, access, inventory | Mainly access control |
| Power source | Passive or active | Passive only |
All proximity cards utilize RFID technology, however, not every RFID device qualifies as a proximity card.
Proximity cards represent a specific category within RFID technology, primarily employed for secure access systems that operate over short distances.